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'''Alfred Dunhill Pipes''' This is a work in progress. Please feel free to contribute if you are a Dunhill expert or knowledgeable enthusiast.
'''Alfred Dunhill Pipes''' This is a work in progress. Please feel free to contribute if you are a Dunhill expert or knowledgeable enthusiast.
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[[File:Yangcanadian.jpg|thumb|right|275px|Dunhill Shell Briar - Canadian (1996) ©Forcióri]]
[[File:DunhillCavalier.jpg|thumb|right|270px|Dunhill Shell Briar - Cavalier (1956) ©Forcióri]]
[[File:Operadress.4.jpg|thumb|right|275px|Dunhill Opera (1964) ©Forcióri]]
[[File:Yangcanadian.jpg|thumb|right|270px|Dunhill Shell Briar - Canadian (1996) ©Forcióri]]
[[File:20200220 174056 880.jpg|thumb|right|275px|Dunhill Bruyere - Shape 60 (1925) ©Forcióri]]
[[File:Operadress.4.jpg|thumb|right|270px|Dunhill Opera (1964) ©Forcióri]]
[[File:DRSSbyRD.jpg|thumb|right|275px|DR - S. Selected by R.D. (1975) ©Forcióri]]
[[File:20200220 174056 880.jpg|thumb|right|270px|Dunhill Bruyere - Shape 60 (1925) ©Forcióri]]
[[File:3103.jpg|thumb|right|275px|Dunhill - Meerschaum-lined ©Forcióri]]
[[File:3103.jpg|thumb|right|270px|Dunhill - Meerschaum-lined ©Forcióri]]


<!--[[File:DRSSbyRD.jpg|thumb|right|275px|DR - S. Selected by R.D. (1975) ©Forcióri]]-->
<!--[[File:Yangpot.jpg|thumb|right|280px|Dunhill T - Shape Pot (1985) ©Forcióri]]-->
<!--[[File:Yangpot.jpg|thumb|right|280px|Dunhill T - Shape Pot (1985) ©Forcióri]]-->
<!--[[File:1729048005375426560 n.jpg|thumb|right|290px|Dunhill Classic Series Ad ©Alfred Dunhill Ltd.]]-->
<!--[[File:1729048005375426560 n.jpg|thumb|right|290px|Dunhill Classic Series Ad ©Alfred Dunhill Ltd.]]-->
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[[File:Dunhill amber root unique piece.jpg|thumb|right|210px|Amber Root, Gold Band, 1999 By Emanuele Mauro]]
[[File:Dunhill amber root unique piece.jpg|thumb|right|210px|Amber Root, Gold Band, 1999 By Emanuele Mauro]]
<font size="2">'''Addendum+:''' In 1976 Dunhill acquired (for U$2,185,000 + 106,000 £ after loan repayments)  Lane Limited which included [[Charatan]] (acquired by Lane in '62), [[Ben Wade]] (acquired in '65 and the Grosvernor Pipe (founded in '62 by Herman Lane). In 1987 Dunhill Sold the control of Lane Ltd to Rothmans (later merged with BAT).<ref name=balfour24>Balfour, Michael. (1992). Alfred Dunhill, One Hundred Years and More (pp. 176-178). London: Weidenfield and Nicolson.</ref><br>Dunhill allowed Preben Holm to use the Ben Wade name until his death, in 1989. Almost a decade passed before John Louis Duncan bought the name from Dunhill and relaunched the brand while still using the [[Dunhill Factory]] at Walthamstow. The [[Ben Wade]] brand was subsequently sold to Mr Peter Wilson, in 1998 (John Duncan, a grandson of the founder John Louis Duncan, sold the firm to his brother-in-law Peter Wilson)<ref name=dgl>Ferrara, Fabio (2000). La datazione delle CHARATAN. Retrieved 08 April 2020 from [https://digilander.libero.it/tempioedonismo/CHARATAN.htmsmokingpipes.com digilander.libero.it]</ref><ref name=pmrs>The Pipes Magazine Radio Show – Episode 178 and 225. Ken Barnes on Radio Show. February 9, 2016 and January 3, 2017. Retrieved 08 April 2020 from [https://pipesmagazine.com/blog/category/radio-talk-show/ pipesmagazine.com]</ref>
<font size="2">'''Addendum+:''' In 1976 Dunhill acquired (for U$2,185,000 + 106,000 £ after loan repayments)  Lane Limited which included [[Charatan]] (acquired by Lane in '62), [[Ben Wade]] (acquired in '65 and the Grosvernor Pipe (founded in '62 by Herman Lane). In 1987 Dunhill Sold the control of Lane Ltd to Rothmans (later merged with BAT).<ref name=balfour24>Balfour, Michael. (1992). Alfred Dunhill, One Hundred Years and More (pp. 176-178). London: Weidenfield and Nicolson.</ref><br>Dunhill allowed Preben Holm to use the Ben Wade name until his death, in 1989. Almost a decade passed before John Louis Duncan bought the name from Dunhill and relaunched the brand while still using the [[Dunhill Factory]] at Walthamstow. The [[Ben Wade]] brand was subsequently sold to Mr Peter Wilson, in 1998 (John Duncan, a grandson of the founder John Louis Duncan, sold the firm to his brother-in-law Peter Wilson)<ref name=dgl>Ferrara, Fabio (2000). La datazione delle CHARATAN. Retrieved 08 April 2020 from [https://digilander.libero.it/tempioedonismo/CHARATAN.htmsmokingpipes.com digilander.libero.it]</ref><ref name=pmrs>The Pipes Magazine Radio Show – Episode 178 and 225. Ken Barnes on Radio Show. February 9, 2016 and January 3, 2017. Retrieved 08 April 2020 from [https://pipesmagazine.com/blog/category/radio-talk-show/ pipesmagazine.com]</ref>
.<br>The Richemont group continue with manufacturing and selling the [[Charatan]] pipe brand nowadays (Dunhill and Charatan are still under the umbrella of them). [[Parker]] and Charatan pipes are mainly made in the Chatham workshop in Kent or abroad. Just the stamping and packing of those pipes is done in their main factory, in London<ref name=hener>Hener, K. S. Product Line Director - The White Spot Smoker's Accessory Division and Walthamstow site. (Conversations held between 2019 and 2020).</ref>. <br>In 1988 Dunhill licensed the rights to the Charatan name, trademark and shape chart - there was hardly more left over to sell - to James B. Russell Inc. (Upper Saddle River, NJ). Russell had made his Charatan pipes in Saint-Claude, France. [[Butz-Choquin]] is said to be the manufacturer. Now, Saint-Claude made pipes are surely not bad per axiom, but these Charatans were woefully poor counterfeits of the "real" ones and quite a flop in sale.
.<br>The Richemont group continue with manufacturing and selling the [[Charatan]] pipe brand nowadays (Dunhill and Charatan are still under the umbrella of them). [[Parker]] and Charatan pipes are mainly made in the Chatham workshop in Kent or abroad. Just the stamping and packing of those pipes is done in their main factory, in London<ref name=hener>Hener, K. S. Product Line Director - The White Spot Smoker's Accessory Division and Walthamstow site. (Conversations held between 2019 and 2020).</ref>. <br>In 1988 Dunhill licensed the rights to the Charatan name, trademark and shape chart - there was hardly more left over to sell - to James B. Russell Inc. (Upper Saddle River, NJ). Russell had made his Charatan pipes in [[Saint-Claude]], France. [[Butz-Choquin]] is said to be the manufacturer. Now, Saint-Claude made pipes are surely not bad per axiom, but these Charatans were woefully poor counterfeits of the "real" ones and quite a flop in sale.
When J.B. Russell went out of business in 2002 Dunhill reintroduced Charatan and called on Colin Fromm of Invicta Briars and Castleford fame to produce Charatan freehands now. Since Colin Fromm and his foreman Colin Leeson, both belonging to the small number of English pipe artisans skilled in making high-end freehand shapes had already been making exquisite free-hands for Dunhill for a couple of years in Chatham, Kent.<ref name=ctm>Pipedia, Charatan - Milan 2014. Retrieved from [https://pipedia.org/wiki/Charatan_-_Milan_2014]</ref>
When J.B. Russell went out of business in 2002 Dunhill reintroduced Charatan and called on Colin Fromm of Invicta Briars and Castleford fame to produce Charatan freehands now. Since Colin Fromm and his foreman Colin Leeson, both belonging to the small number of English pipe artisans skilled in making high-end freehand shapes had already been making exquisite free-hands for Dunhill for a couple of years in Chatham, Kent.<ref name=ctm>Pipedia, Charatan - Milan 2014. Retrieved from [https://pipedia.org/wiki/Charatan_-_Milan_2014]</ref>
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Alfred doesn't mention to anyone, Mary reports, but he was investigating the pipe maker's craft from end to end</q> Mary Dunhill <ref name=mary15>Dunhill, Mary (1979). Our Family Business (p. 39). Great Britain, The Bodley Head.</ref>. Alfred Dunhill enticed Joel Sasieni away from Charatan (including Joe Sasieni who was to form his own distinguished pipe company in 1918. The first five Dunhill pipemakers all came from Charatan) and opened a small pipe workshop of his own at 28 Duke St on 7 March 1910. - two rooms upstairs providing the humble beginning. The focus was to use the finest quality briar, and expert craftsmanship to make pipes that would provide a superior smoke, and last a lifetime. The cost would reflect these principals, which was against the current trend of inexpensive pipes of lesser quality (the Bruyere finish is first introduced).
Alfred doesn't mention to anyone, Mary reports, but he was investigating the pipe maker's craft from end to end</q> Mary Dunhill <ref name=mary15>Dunhill, Mary (1979). Our Family Business (p. 39). Great Britain, The Bodley Head.</ref>. Alfred Dunhill enticed Joel Sasieni away from Charatan (including Joe Sasieni who was to form his own distinguished pipe company in 1918. The first five Dunhill pipemakers all came from Charatan) and opened a small pipe workshop of his own at 28 Duke St on 7 March 1910. - two rooms upstairs providing the humble beginning. The focus was to use the finest quality briar, and expert craftsmanship to make pipes that would provide a superior smoke, and last a lifetime. The cost would reflect these principals, which was against the current trend of inexpensive pipes of lesser quality (the Bruyere finish is first introduced).


<blockquote><q>From St. Claude, a small town in the Jura mountains which is the French home of the briar pipe industry, Father could obtain the wood he wanted. But from the day he began to study the effect of sunlight on immature bowls in his shop window, he had become obsessed with the subject of wood, its nature and the business of seasoning it. This is why it had taken him three years to evolve the heat treatment processes that are peculiar to the Dunhill pipe and which have a fundamental effect on its smoking properties and on the lasting, natural finish that is given to its grain.</q> Mary Dunhill. <ref name=mary21>Dunhill, Mary (1979). Our Family Business (p. 41). Great Britain, The Bodley Head.</ref></blockquote>  
<blockquote><q>From Saint-Claude, a small town in the Jura mountains which is the French home of the briar pipe industry, Father could obtain the wood he wanted. But from the day he began to study the effect of sunlight on immature bowls in his shop window, he had become obsessed with the subject of wood, its nature and the business of seasoning it. This is why it had taken him three years to evolve the heat treatment processes that are peculiar to the Dunhill pipe and which have a fundamental effect on its smoking properties and on the lasting, natural finish that is given to its grain.</q> Mary Dunhill. <ref name=mary21>Dunhill, Mary (1979). Our Family Business (p. 41). Great Britain, The Bodley Head.</ref></blockquote>  


Loring also defended, at this time, that Dunhill Bruyere pipes were generally finished from French turned bowls until 1917, when the Calabrian briar started to be used, but not completely<ref name=jcl5>Loring, J. C. (1998) The Dunhill Briar Pipe - The Patent Years and After, The Beginnings (pp. 2-3). Chicago: self-published</ref>. Only in 1920 did Dunhill take the final step in its pipe making operation and began sourcing and cutting all of its own bowls, proudly announcing thereafter that "no French briar was employed".
Loring also defended, at this time, that Dunhill Bruyere pipes were generally finished from French turned bowls until 1917, when the Calabrian briar started to be used, but not completely<ref name=jcl5>Loring, J. C. (1998) The Dunhill Briar Pipe - The Patent Years and After, The Beginnings (pp. 2-3). Chicago: self-published</ref>. Only in 1920 did Dunhill take the final step in its pipe making operation and began sourcing and cutting all of its own bowls, proudly announcing thereafter that "no French briar was employed".
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And after March, with the factory ready to produce, most Dunhill pipes were completely made in-house.
And after March, with the factory ready to produce, most Dunhill pipes were completely made in-house.


<blockquote><q>With the opening of its own manufacture, most pipes were completely made in-house. Some of the bowls selected and graded in the first of the manufacturing processes in 1920 possibly came from St. Claude in France. However, as perhaps those were of lessening quality or becoming too expensive, Alfred Dunhill established a bowl-turning unit at 20 St. Pancras Road near King’s Cross station.</q> The White Spot Division.<ref name=hener>Hener, K. S. Product Line Director - The White Spot Smoker's Accessory Division and Walthamstow site. (Conversations held between 2019 and 2020).</ref></blockquote>
<blockquote><q>With the opening of its own manufacture, most pipes were completely made in-house. Some of the bowls selected and graded in the first of the manufacturing processes in 1920 possibly came from Saint-Claude in France. However, as perhaps those were of lessening quality or becoming too expensive, Alfred Dunhill established a bowl-turning unit at 20 St. Pancras Road near King’s Cross station.</q> The White Spot Division.<ref name=hener>Hener, K. S. Product Line Director - The White Spot Smoker's Accessory Division and Walthamstow site. (Conversations held between 2019 and 2020).</ref></blockquote>


<blockquote><q>The first pipes were made by two men on the upper floor of Nº. 28 Duke Street. By 1912, when the pipe was well and truly on the market, Father had about half a dozen hand-picked craftsmen in a workshop in Mason's Yard, a short distance from the shop. They worked from eight in the morning until seven at night and,  when required to finish pipes the shop would sell next day, later than that. No question of a five-day week or of water to wash with. Like every employee, they received a small commission based on sales and they worked hard because, with the ginger-haired man they called the Guv'nor bounding up the iron staircase several times a day, they were in no doubt about the urgency and importance of their work.</q> Mary Dunhill <ref name=mary22>Dunhill, Mary (1979). Our Family Business (p. 42). Great Britain, The Bodley Head.</ref></blockquote>
<blockquote><q>The first pipes were made by two men on the upper floor of Nº. 28 Duke Street. By 1912, when the pipe was well and truly on the market, Father had about half a dozen hand-picked craftsmen in a workshop in Mason's Yard, a short distance from the shop. They worked from eight in the morning until seven at night and,  when required to finish pipes the shop would sell next day, later than that. No question of a five-day week or of water to wash with. Like every employee, they received a small commission based on sales and they worked hard because, with the ginger-haired man they called the Guv'nor bounding up the iron staircase several times a day, they were in no doubt about the urgency and importance of their work.</q> Mary Dunhill <ref name=mary22>Dunhill, Mary (1979). Our Family Business (p. 42). Great Britain, The Bodley Head.</ref></blockquote>
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[[File:Kshws.jpeg|thumb|right|200px|Hener, K. S. Product Line Director - The White Spot Smoker's Accessory Division.]]   
[[File:Kshws.jpeg|thumb|right|200px|Hener, K. S. Product Line Director - The White Spot Smoker's Accessory Division.]]   
For some time, rumours have been spread about outsourcing the production of pipes and that they are manufactured in France - even today. Mr Hener assures that production is in-house - this is just unfounded rumours, as we can see in an article By Stephen A. Ross for the Pipes & Tobaccos Magazine.
For some time, rumours have been spread about outsourcing the production of pipes and that they are manufactured in France - even today. Mr Hener assures that production is in-house - this is just unfounded rumours, as we can see in an article By Stephen A. Ross for the Pipes & Tobaccos Magazine.
<blockquote><q>While Hener and Wilson are both insistent that there is little in common between Parker, Charatan and Dunhill pipes, they more passionately refute reports that Dunhill pipes are made anywhere other than the factory on St Andrews Road. The rumours that our Dunhill pipes are made in St. Claude, France, are completely false,” Hener bluntly states. While conducting a tour of the factory floor, Wilson shows two employees working with band saws, cutting blocks and shaping them into rough bowls, and adds, I think that those rumors started from other companies who are jealous of our position. They’re envious of our position and reputation in the market and they want to try to knock us down a little.</q> Pipes & Tobaccos. <ref name=pandt>Stephen A. Ross. Pipes and Tobaccos (Fall 2010), Vol. 15, No. 3. A century of excellence (pp. 9-10). USA: SpecComm International, Inc. [https://pipedia.org/images/8/86/Pipe-Tobaccos-10-4Fall.pdf P&T]</ref>
<blockquote><q>While Hener and Wilson are both insistent that there is little in common between Parker, Charatan and Dunhill pipes, they more passionately refute reports that Dunhill pipes are made anywhere other than the factory on St Andrews Road. The rumours that our Dunhill pipes are made in Saint-Claude, France, are completely false,” Hener bluntly states. While conducting a tour of the factory floor, Wilson shows two employees working with band saws, cutting blocks and shaping them into rough bowls, and adds, I think that those rumors started from other companies who are jealous of our position. They’re envious of our position and reputation in the market and they want to try to knock us down a little.</q> Pipes & Tobaccos. <ref name=pandt>Stephen A. Ross. Pipes and Tobaccos (Fall 2010), Vol. 15, No. 3. A century of excellence (pp. 9-10). USA: SpecComm International, Inc. [https://pipedia.org/images/8/86/Pipe-Tobaccos-10-4Fall.pdf P&T]</ref>
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= Just One More Thing = <!--T:47-->
= Just One More Thing = <!--T:47-->
[[File:Dunhillhumidorroom.jpg|nolines|left|190px]]
[[File:Dunhillhumidorroom.jpg|nolines|left|210px]]
  '''Alfred Dunhill Shop's Humidor Room.'''<br>
  '''Alfred Dunhill Shop's Humidor Room.'''<br>
  Interior view of the Humidor Room at the Alfred Dunhill shop in the International Building at Rockefeller Center, New York, New York, mid to late 1941. The walls are lined with cases and boxes of cigars. (Photo by Bernard Hoffman/The LIFE Picture Collection).
  Interior view of the Humidor Room at the Alfred Dunhill shop in the International Building at Rockefeller Center, New York, New York, mid to late 1941. The walls are lined with cases and boxes of cigars. (Photo by Bernard Hoffman/The LIFE Picture Collection).
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[[File:Dunhill 136 S. Rodeo Dr Beverly Hills 1951.jpg|nolines|right|190px]]
[[File:Dunhill 136 S. Rodeo Dr Beverly Hills 1951.jpg|nolines|right|210px]]
  '''Dunhill’s shop, 136 S. Rodeo Dr, in Beverly Hills in the early 1950s.'''<br><br>Rodeo Drive is a two-mile-long (3.2 km) street, in Beverly Hills, California, with its southern segment in the City of Los Angeles. Its southern terminus is at Beverwil Drive, and its northern terminus is at its intersection with Sunset Boulevard in Beverly Hills which is known for its luxury goods stores. The operating time and closing date is presently unknown.
  '''Dunhill’s shop, 136 S. Rodeo Dr, in Beverly Hills in the early 1950s.'''<br><br>Rodeo Drive is a two-mile-long (3.2 km) street, in Beverly Hills, California, with its southern segment in the City of Los Angeles. Its southern terminus is at Beverwil Drive, and its northern terminus is at its intersection with Sunset Boulevard in Beverly Hills which is known for its luxury goods stores. The operating time and closing date is presently unknown.
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In an article named "The Myth of Brand and Maker in Pipesmoking", Dr Hanna brings to the light of our consideration what might justify this thought.
In an article named "The Myth of Brand and Maker in Pipesmoking", Dr Hanna brings to the light of our consideration what might justify this thought.
[[File:DRSSbyRD.jpg|thumb|right|200px|DR - S. Selected by Richard Dunhill. (1975) ©Forcióri]]


<blockquote><q>Dunhill is famous for its oil curing techniques and this is believed to be a source of its peculiar and particular taste and flavor characteristics. On the surface this sounds quite neat and tidy. But just a bit of analysis immediately makes such claims quite suspect. Does every Dunhill have that same character? I could find no evidence for this in the tastings that I have done with Dunhills. One vital question concerns when a particular Dunhill pipe was made. Bill Taylor of Ashton pipe fame has remarked that during all the twenty-plus years that he worked for Dunhill, that he never observed any oil applied to a Dunhill bowl. David Field told me on two occasions that he is convinced that oil curing stopped after 1968 and after that Dunhill pipes were quite different. Thus, Dunhills after the mid-1960s do not appear to have been oil cured at all and, on top of that, their bowls seem to have come from different suppliers.</q> Dr Fred Hanna. <ref name=hanna>Hanna, Fred. (2002), The Myth of Brand and Maker in Pipesmoking. Retrieved 19 March 2020 from [http://www.greatnorthernpipeclub.org/Myth.htm The Great Northern Pipe Club].</ref></blockquote>  
<blockquote><q>Dunhill is famous for its oil curing techniques and this is believed to be a source of its peculiar and particular taste and flavor characteristics. On the surface this sounds quite neat and tidy. But just a bit of analysis immediately makes such claims quite suspect. Does every Dunhill have that same character? I could find no evidence for this in the tastings that I have done with Dunhills. One vital question concerns when a particular Dunhill pipe was made. Bill Taylor of Ashton pipe fame has remarked that during all the twenty-plus years that he worked for Dunhill, that he never observed any oil applied to a Dunhill bowl. David Field told me on two occasions that he is convinced that oil curing stopped after 1968 and after that Dunhill pipes were quite different. Thus, Dunhills after the mid-1960s do not appear to have been oil cured at all and, on top of that, their bowls seem to have come from different suppliers.</q> Dr Fred Hanna. <ref name=hanna>Hanna, Fred. (2002), The Myth of Brand and Maker in Pipesmoking. Retrieved 19 March 2020 from [http://www.greatnorthernpipeclub.org/Myth.htm The Great Northern Pipe Club].</ref></blockquote>  
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|<center>'''Recent Catalogs'''</center>  
|<center>'''Recent Catalogs'''</center>  
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*<font size="3">The White Spot - Product News, Autumn / Winter 2005/6 '''[https://pipedia.org/images/9/9a/Dunhill-Smokers-Products-2005-2006.pdf here].'''</font>
*<font size="3">The White Spot - '''Product News, Autumn / Winter 2005/6''' [https://pipedia.org/images/9/9a/Dunhill-Smokers-Products-2005-2006.pdf here].'''</font>
*<font size="3">The White Spot - Product News, July 2017 (2017-1) '''[https://pipedia.org/images/e/e4/ProductNews2017-1.pdf here].'''</font>
*<font size="3">The White Spot - '''Product News, July 2017 (2017-1)''' [https://pipedia.org/images/e/e4/ProductNews2017-1.pdf here].'''</font>
*<font size="3">The White Spot - Product News, February 2020 (2020-1) '''[https://pipedia.org/images/f/f8/Product-News-2020-1.pdf here].'''</font>
*<font size="3">The White Spot - '''Product News, February 2020 (2020-1)''' [https://pipedia.org/images/f/f8/Product-News-2020-1.pdf here].'''</font>
*<font size="3">The White Spot - Product News, November 2020 (2020-2) '''[https://pipedia.org/images/d/d2/Product_News_2020-2.pdf here].'''</font>  
*<font size="3">The White Spot - '''Product News, November 2020 (2020-2)''' [https://pipedia.org/images/d/d2/Product_News_2020-2.pdf here].'''</font>  
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|<center>'''Somewhere in Time'''</center>  
|<center>'''Somewhere in Time'''</center>  
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<center>'''A Man Looking for a Dunhill Pipe.'''</center>
<center>'''A Man Looking for a Dunhill Pipe.'''</center>
  The Manhattan Briar Pipe Co. was organized in October, 1902 by the American Tobacco Company, under an agreement with the owners of the Brunswick Briar Pipe Company, as a New York corporation. Its initial address was 111 5th Avenue, New York City, and the value of its stock in 1902 was $350,000.00. American Tobacco Company had itself been founded in 1890 by J. B. Duke through a merger between a number of U.S. tobacco companies, and was one of the original twelve members of the Dow Jones Industrial Average in 1896. It was commonly called the "Tobacco Trust". In 1922 Manhattan Briar was purchased by S.M. Frank and merged into that company<ref name=usgov>U.S. Government Printing Office, February 25, 1909. Report of Tobacco Industry (pp. 89, 269).</ref>.
  The [[Manhattan Briar Pipe Co.]] was organized in October, 1902 by the [[American Tobacco Company]], under an agreement with the owners of the [[Brunswick Briar Pipe Company]], as a New York corporation. Its initial address was 111 5th Avenue, New York City, and the value of its stock in 1902 was $350,000.00. American Tobacco Company had itself been founded in 1890 by J. B. Duke through a merger between a number of U.S. tobacco companies, and was one of the original twelve members of the Dow Jones Industrial Average in 1896. It was commonly called the "Tobacco Trust". In 1922 Manhattan Briar was purchased by [[S.M. Frank]] and merged into that company<ref name=usgov>U.S. Government Printing Office, February 25, 1909. Report of Tobacco Industry (pp. 89, 269).</ref>.
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