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'''Aging''':  The term used to describe the tendency of pipe tobacco to improve over time through either aerobic or anaerobic fermentation.  The term is used interchangeably to describe increased sweetness on the part of Virginias, mellowing on the part of Latakia, or a generally more complete melding of the blend.  The effect is often simulated through the use of heat or pressure.
'''Aging''':  The term used to describe the tendency of pipe tobacco to improve over time through either aerobic or anaerobic fermentation.  The term is used interchangeably to describe increased sweetness on the part of Virginias, mellowing on the part of Latakia, or a generally more complete melding of the blend.  The effect is often simulated through the use of heat or pressure.
'''Agonya''':  A type of Turkish tobacco of a kabakolak leaf type, meaning it has distinct stems with "wings" on the leaf stems, Agonya was originally grown in the foothills below Xanthi, but is now grown south of the Sea of Marmara, in the region east of Kanakhale, Turkey.


'''Air-cured''':  Air-cured tobacco is hung in well-ventilated barns immediately after plants are cut or leaves pulled from the field and allowed to dry for a period of one to two months.  During this process the yellow colors of the leaf turn to varying shades of brown, until they are ready to be fermented and processed.  Burley is an air-cured tobacco.
'''Air-cured''':  Air-cured tobacco is hung in well-ventilated barns immediately after plants are cut or leaves pulled from the field and allowed to dry for a period of one to two months.  During this process the yellow colors of the leaf turn to varying shades of brown, until they are ready to be fermented and processed.  Burley is an air-cured tobacco.
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'''Aromatic''':  A type of tobacco which is either cased or top flavored in order to produce a taste and room note other than the tobacco's natural smell, whether simply sugar or molasses, whiskey or other alcohols, or many other flavorings.  Used as a major category for pipe tobaccos, along with non-aromatic and latakia based blends.
'''Aromatic''':  A type of tobacco which is either cased or top flavored in order to produce a taste and room note other than the tobacco's natural smell, whether simply sugar or molasses, whiskey or other alcohols, or many other flavorings.  Used as a major category for pipe tobaccos, along with non-aromatic and latakia based blends.


'''Army Mount''':  Also called a "military bit", a pipe with an army mount stem is designed to permit the stem to be removed from the pipe while hot by inclusion of a shank cap, often made of silver, to reinforce the briar.  A more elaborate variation of the army mount is the spigot.  According to most likely mythological history, the first army mount was invented when a World War One soldier fixed a broken pipe shank by inserting a spent rifle casing into it and piercing a hole for the stem.
'''Army Mount''':  Also called a "military bit", a pipe with an army mount stem is designed to permit the stem to be removed from the pipe while hot by inclusion of a shank cap, often made of silver, to reinforce the briar.  A more elaborate variation of the army mount is the spigot.  According to most likely mythological history, the first army mount was invented when a World War One soldier fixed a broken pipe shank by inserting a spent rifle casing into it and piercing a hole for the stem.  
 
[[File:Kaldenberg Army Mount.jpg|thumb|center|100px|An Army Mount Pipe]]


'''Author''':  According to the [[Author|A.S.P. Pipe Parts Charts by Bill Burney]], the Author is a beefed-up prince, featuring a flattened ball-shaped bowl and a heavy 1/8 to 1/4 bent stem.
'''Author''':  According to the [[Author|A.S.P. Pipe Parts Charts by Bill Burney]], the Author is a beefed-up prince, featuring a flattened ball-shaped bowl and a heavy 1/8 to 1/4 bent stem.


== B ==
== B ==
'''Bafra''':  Bafra is a district and village in the Samsun province of Turkey, and the name sometimes given to the Samsun-Maden strain of tobacco, which is a smaller basibali Turkish varietal with low nicotine and a rich flavor.


'''Ball''':  The ball shape, also referred to as a tomato, is described by the [[Author|A.S.P. Pipe Parts Charts by Bill Burney]], is very similar to an author but with a spherical bowl and thinner shank.  According to Mr. Burney the ball generally features a tapered stem with a 1/4 to 1/2 bent.
'''Ball''':  The ball shape, also referred to as a tomato, is described by the [[Author|A.S.P. Pipe Parts Charts by Bill Burney]], is very similar to an author but with a spherical bowl and thinner shank.  According to Mr. Burney the ball generally features a tapered stem with a 1/4 to 1/2 bent.
'''Ballerina''':  A pipe shape originally created by Bo [[Nordh]] and resembling a ballet dancer's foot while en pointe, curving from the heel at the front of the bowl to the toe at the meeting of bowl and shank, itself characterized by a full enough bend to permit the pipe to stand on its own. 
[[File:Nordh Ballerina.jpg|thumb|center|100px|A Bo Nordh Ballerina]]


'''Bakelite''':  A trade name for Polyoxybenzylmethylenglycolanhydride.  Harder than vulcanite and softer than acrylic, bakelite stems do not oxidize.  Largely seen in shades of white and amber yellow.
'''Bakelite''':  A trade name for Polyoxybenzylmethylenglycolanhydride.  Harder than vulcanite and softer than acrylic, bakelite stems do not oxidize.  Largely seen in shades of white and amber yellow.
'''Basma''':  1.  The group of Turkish small-leaf varietals in which the stem of the leaf does not extend beyond the leaf at the main stalk    2.  The larger leaves primed from the middle of any variety of Turkish tobacco plant  3.  A long, rectangular bale-style of packing cured Turkish leaf, approximately 50-60 pounds, of any variety.


'''Bead''':  Now generally  represented by two straight lines around the bowl of a bulldog or rhodesian, a bead is one of only three shapes which can be produced on a lathe, along with a flat and a cove.  A bead is a rounded projection from the wood, and in the case of pipes today most beads are cut as inset beads, in that the surrounding wood is level with the top of the bead.  Older pipes occasionally featured intricately carved beads.  Today, however, rather than cutting a true bead the projection is left flat and only signified by the lines around it.
'''Bead''':  Now generally  represented by two straight lines around the bowl of a bulldog or rhodesian, a bead is one of only three shapes which can be produced on a lathe, along with a flat and a cove.  A bead is a rounded projection from the wood, and in the case of pipes today most beads are cut as inset beads, in that the surrounding wood is level with the top of the bead.  Older pipes occasionally featured intricately carved beads.  Today, however, rather than cutting a true bead the projection is left flat and only signified by the lines around it.
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'''Billiard''':  The [[Billiard|A.S.P. Pipe Parts Charts by Bill Burney]] describe a billiard as a pipe shape having a cylindrical bowl and tobacco chamber with a shank about the same length as the height of the bowl.  Variations on the billiard shape include the pot and chimney.
'''Billiard''':  The [[Billiard|A.S.P. Pipe Parts Charts by Bill Burney]] describe a billiard as a pipe shape having a cylindrical bowl and tobacco chamber with a shank about the same length as the height of the bowl.  Variations on the billiard shape include the pot and chimney.
'''Basibali''':  A family of Turkish tobaccos characterized by a distinct stem separating the leaf from the stalk.  Sometimes referred to as Bashi Bagli.


'''Bit''':  A less than precise term, usually used to refer to the entirety of the stem or mouthpiece on a pipe, but occasionally also used to refer to the bite zone.
'''Bit''':  A less than precise term, usually used to refer to the entirety of the stem or mouthpiece on a pipe, but occasionally also used to refer to the bite zone.
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'''Burley''':  A tobacco of light-colored variety grown primarily in Kentucky and Tennessee, the bulk of burley tobacco produced in the United States is used for cigarette production.  All burley today is of the white burley variety, and is often sweetened due to the low natural sugars present in the leaf.  Most aromatics use a base of burley due to its ready ability to absorb flavors.  While some claim burley does not age, it does improve with time.  However, this takes time measured in the several decades at least.
'''Burley''':  A tobacco of light-colored variety grown primarily in Kentucky and Tennessee, the bulk of burley tobacco produced in the United States is used for cigarette production.  All burley today is of the white burley variety, and is often sweetened due to the low natural sugars present in the leaf.  Most aromatics use a base of burley due to its ready ability to absorb flavors.  While some claim burley does not age, it does improve with time.  However, this takes time measured in the several decades at least.
'''Burnout''':  A term used to refer to a possible condition in estate pipes which, short of extraordinary effort on the part of a capable restorer, generally means the death of a particular pipe.  A burnout is a spot where char has actually penetrated or begun to penetrate the outer layer of the bowl.  Usually caused by hot smoking, although some claim burnout is always the fault of an unseen flaw in the briar.  Uneven packing can also result in one spot suffering more damage than others.  While most smokers stop smoking a particular pipe when burnout begins to appear, some continue smoking until they have burned straight through a wall or the foot of the pipe.


'''Button''':  The button is the raised portion at the end of a pipe mouthpiece or stem intended to permit the teeth purchase to hold the pipe.
'''Button''':  The button is the raised portion at the end of a pipe mouthpiece or stem intended to permit the teeth purchase to hold the pipe.
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'''Cavendish''':  There are two forms of Cavendish, which is more a process of curing and a method of cutting tobacco than a type of it. Common cavendish is made when tobacco leaves are pressed into a cake about an inch thick and heated before being allowed to ferment, resulting in a mild and sweet tobacco. Flavoring is often added before the leaves are pressed. English Cavendish uses a dark flue or fire cured Virginia , which is steamed and then stored under pressure to permit it to cure and ferment for several days or weeks.
'''Cavendish''':  There are two forms of Cavendish, which is more a process of curing and a method of cutting tobacco than a type of it. Common cavendish is made when tobacco leaves are pressed into a cake about an inch thick and heated before being allowed to ferment, resulting in a mild and sweet tobacco. Flavoring is often added before the leaves are pressed. English Cavendish uses a dark flue or fire cured Virginia , which is steamed and then stored under pressure to permit it to cure and ferment for several days or weeks.
'''Char''':  Used to refer to wood that has actually begun to burn, usually at the start of a burnout in a bowl or, far more likely and most often due to lighter abuse, at the rim. 


'''Cherrywood''':  According to the [[Cherrywood|A.S.P. Pipe Parts Charts by Bill Burney]], a cherrywood is a bent poker.  The name cherrywood derives from the pipe shape's origin as a copy of the cherry wood pipes made by Eugène-Léon Ropp and others in mid-19th century France.
'''Cherrywood''':  According to the [[Cherrywood|A.S.P. Pipe Parts Charts by Bill Burney]], a cherrywood is a bent poker.  The name cherrywood derives from the pipe shape's origin as a copy of the cherry wood pipes made by Eugène-Léon Ropp and others in mid-19th century France.
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'''Cigar Leaf''':  A generic term used to describe a great many different types of leaf primarily used in cigars which are also included in pipe tobacco.  Connecticut Broadleaf and Cuban-Seed Varietals are frequently used among others to add flavor to a blend.
'''Cigar Leaf''':  A generic term used to describe a great many different types of leaf primarily used in cigars which are also included in pipe tobacco.  Connecticut Broadleaf and Cuban-Seed Varietals are frequently used among others to add flavor to a blend.
'''Cob''':  The common parlance for a corn cob pipe, which in its loosest definition is simply any pipe with a bowl made from a dried and drilled corncob.  Traditionally fitted with river cane stems, most modern cobs have wood shanks and plastic bits. 
'''Coin''':  A term used to refer to a single slice of tobacco cut from a rope or twist, and resembling a flake, except that it is round and often thinner.


'''Cumberland''':  Called brindle by Dunhill and others, cumberland is a form of vulcanite made with brown and red pigment added to the rubber to give it a marble like appearance.
'''Cumberland''':  Called brindle by Dunhill and others, cumberland is a form of vulcanite made with brown and red pigment added to the rubber to give it a marble like appearance.
'''Curly Cut''':  A term used to refer to tobacco which has been sliced from rope or twist tobacco into thin "coins", similar to flakes excepting that they are thinner and round.


'''Cut''':  Pipe tobacco may be cut as shag, ribbon, flake, plug, rope, discs, coins, or in other forms.  These terms simply refer to the manner in which the finished product is reduced into a small enough size to consume.  The most common cut is ribbon cut.
'''Cut''':  Pipe tobacco may be cut as shag, ribbon, flake, plug, rope, discs, coins, or in other forms.  These terms simply refer to the manner in which the finished product is reduced into a small enough size to consume.  The most common cut is ribbon cut.
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'''Delayed Gratification Technique''':  Or DGT, the habit of some pipe smokers to light a pipe and leave it to sit for hours or even days before completing the smoke.  Many blends gain a far different taste profile from this technique which some find pleasant.
'''Delayed Gratification Technique''':  Or DGT, the habit of some pipe smokers to light a pipe and leave it to sit for hours or even days before completing the smoke.  Many blends gain a far different taste profile from this technique which some find pleasant.
'''Delphin''':  A variation on the Ulmer pipe where the shank runs directly up the back of the bowl and there is no gap between the bowl and the shank.


'''Delrin''':  A brand name for polyoxymethylne or POM, also called acetal, polyacetal, or polyformaldehyde, delrin is a thermoplastic used by pipe makers as a material for non-integral stem tenons, and for screw-in tenons for meerschaum push/pull connections.  Delrin is appreciated as a "self-lubricating" material, meaning that it has a low drag coefficient to interfere with the smooth passage of smoke, and for the ease of reliance on separate stems and tenons.
'''Delrin''':  A brand name for polyoxymethylne or POM, also called acetal, polyacetal, or polyformaldehyde, delrin is a thermoplastic used by pipe makers as a material for non-integral stem tenons, and for screw-in tenons for meerschaum push/pull connections.  Delrin is appreciated as a "self-lubricating" material, meaning that it has a low drag coefficient to interfere with the smooth passage of smoke, and for the ease of reliance on separate stems and tenons.
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'''Diplomat''':  According to the [[Diplomat|A.S.P. Pipe Parts Charts by Bill Burney]], a diplomat is a pipe shape similar to a prince but a bit larger generally and with an oval shank and stem.
'''Diplomat''':  According to the [[Diplomat|A.S.P. Pipe Parts Charts by Bill Burney]], a diplomat is a pipe shape similar to a prince but a bit larger generally and with an oval shank and stem.
'''Djebel''':  Sometimes referred to as Xanthi-Djebel, Dejebel tobacco is grown closer to the ridge, or djebel, of the Rhodope mountains above Xanthi.  While the leaf is probably of the same strain as Yaka leaf, it is much less highly regarded.


'''Don''':  A pipe shape, according to the [[Duke/Don|A.S.P. Pipe Parts Charts by Bill Burney]], similar to a Duke but with a rudimentary shank and a vulcanite bit.  Sometimes, such as by [[Peterson]], called a tankard.
'''Don''':  A pipe shape, according to the [[Duke/Don|A.S.P. Pipe Parts Charts by Bill Burney]], similar to a Duke but with a rudimentary shank and a vulcanite bit.  Sometimes, such as by [[Peterson]], called a tankard.
'''Doppelpfeife''':  A variation on the Ulmer shape hallmarked by two separate bowls, evidently intended to permit a smoker to mingle the tastes of two different tobaccos.


'''Dottle''':  The leftover plug of unburnt tobacco and ash left in the heel of a pipe bowl after smoking.  Dottle is avoided by smokers as a waste of tobacco and occasionally souring of the bowl, but is sometimes unavoidable.
'''Dottle''':  The leftover plug of unburnt tobacco and ash left in the heel of a pipe bowl after smoking.  Dottle is avoided by smokers as a waste of tobacco and occasionally souring of the bowl, but is sometimes unavoidable.


'''Drama''':  A sweet type of tobacco with a natural olive oil fragrance grown on the Southern slopes and foothills of the Rhodope Mountains in Greek Eastern Macedonia.
'''Drama''':  A sweet type of tobacco with a natural olive oil fragrance grown on the Southern slopes and foothills of the Rhodope Mountains in Greek Eastern Macedonia, and taking its name from the town of the same name.  A kabakolak variety, meaning that the leaf has a distinct separate stem similar to basibali, but with "wings" on its leaf stems.


'''Draught Hole''':  Also Draft Hole, the point at which the airway enters the bowl of the pipe, preferably in the center back of the heel to avoid leaving excessive dottle.
'''Draught Hole''':  Also Draft Hole, the point at which the airway enters the bowl of the pipe, preferably in the center back of the heel to avoid leaving excessive dottle.
'''Dubec''':  1.  The smaller leaves from the upper portion of any variety of Turkish tobacco plant    2.  A round package of cured Turkish leaf of any variety, approximately 25-30 pounds in weight.


'''Dublin''':  According to the [[Dublin|A.S.P. Pipe Parts Charts by Bill Burney]], the dublin is a pipe shape with the same proportions as a billiard but with a conical bowl and tapered combustion chamber.
'''Dublin''':  According to the [[Dublin|A.S.P. Pipe Parts Charts by Bill Burney]], the dublin is a pipe shape with the same proportions as a billiard but with a conical bowl and tapered combustion chamber.
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'''Egg''':  According to the [[Egg|A.S.P. Pipe Parts Charts by Bill Burney]], the egg is usually but not always a bent pipe with a bowl shaped like an egg, which can be thought of as an elongated apple shape.
'''Egg''':  According to the [[Egg|A.S.P. Pipe Parts Charts by Bill Burney]], the egg is usually but not always a bent pipe with a bowl shaped like an egg, which can be thought of as an elongated apple shape.
'''Elephant's Foot''':  A pipe shape originally created by Bo [[Nordh]] and characterized by straight grained side panels and wide front and back domed surfaces on the bowl exhibiting birdseye. 


'''English''':  Aside from the obvious geographical uses, the word "English" is often used among pipe smokers to refer to blends with latakia in them.  In reality, however, the term only developed to differentiate blends made in the United Kingdom, especially in the days of the now defunct Tobacco Purity Laws, which prohibited humectants and most flavorings from being added to the tobacco.  A more precise term is "latakia based".
'''English''':  Aside from the obvious geographical uses, the word "English" is often used among pipe smokers to refer to blends with latakia in them.  In reality, however, the term only developed to differentiate blends made in the United Kingdom, especially in the days of the now defunct Tobacco Purity Laws, which prohibited humectants and most flavorings from being added to the tobacco.  A more precise term is "latakia based".
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== F ==
== F ==
'''Fill''':  A void, pit or flaw in the briar which is made level with the surface of the pipe with either putty or a mix of briar dust and cyanoacrylate glue and which, despite staining, is often visible on close inspection.


'''Fire Cured''':  Unlike flue cured tobacco, which is cured by indirect heat without smoke, fire cured tobacco is cured with smoke, in the tobacco equivalent of barbecuing.  Dark Fired Kentucky and Latakia are both fire cured, and the process results in lower sugars and higher nicotine in the leaf.
'''Fire Cured''':  Unlike flue cured tobacco, which is cured by indirect heat without smoke, fire cured tobacco is cured with smoke, in the tobacco equivalent of barbecuing.  Dark Fired Kentucky and Latakia are both fire cured, and the process results in lower sugars and higher nicotine in the leaf.
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'''Gourd Calabash''':  According to the [[Gourd Calabash|A.S.P. Pipe Parts Charts by Bill Burney]], a gourd calabash is a pipe made from a calabash gourd which is dried and the seeds removed, and then fitted with a stem and meerschaum bowl cap.  The driest and smoothest of all pipes.
'''Gourd Calabash''':  According to the [[Gourd Calabash|A.S.P. Pipe Parts Charts by Bill Burney]], a gourd calabash is a pipe made from a calabash gourd which is dried and the seeds removed, and then fitted with a stem and meerschaum bowl cap.  The driest and smoothest of all pipes.
'''Gravity Fill Method''':  Also called the Three Step Method, this is the method of packing a pipe most often taught to new smokers, and involves drizzling enough tobacco into the bowl to cover the heel, tamping very lightly, followed by drizzling tobacco to the rim twice and tamping after each time, with more pressure the on the last.


== H ==
== H ==
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'''Horn''':  According to the [[Horn|A.S.P. Pipe Parts Charts by Bill Burney]], the horn is a graceful freehand shape varying from a straight tapering tube to a more standard bent pipe, but in all cases with a smooth tapering from bowl to shank and no abrupt transitions.
'''Horn''':  According to the [[Horn|A.S.P. Pipe Parts Charts by Bill Burney]], the horn is a graceful freehand shape varying from a straight tapering tube to a more standard bent pipe, but in all cases with a smooth tapering from bowl to shank and no abrupt transitions.
[[File:Horn2.gif|thumb|center|100px|The Horn Shape]]


'''Hungarian''':  More commonly referred to as an Oom Paul, the Hungarian is a fully bent billiard named for former South African President Paulus Kruger, according to the [[Oom Paul/Hungarian|A.S.P. Pipe Parts Charts by Bill Burney]].
'''Hungarian''':  More commonly referred to as an Oom Paul, the Hungarian is a fully bent billiard named for former South African President Paulus Kruger, according to the [[Oom Paul/Hungarian|A.S.P. Pipe Parts Charts by Bill Burney]].
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'''Intricate Curve''':  In pipemaking, a term sometimes used to describe the transition from the rear wall of the bowl to the top of the shank.
'''Intricate Curve''':  In pipemaking, a term sometimes used to describe the transition from the rear wall of the bowl to the top of the shank.


'''Izmir''':  A type of Turkish tobacco with rich flavor, low nicotine, and cool smoke.  It has a very aromatic nature and is often blended with Latakia to somewhat subdue this property.  Primarily used as a condiment with pipe tobacco, but occasionally offered by itself.
'''Izmir''':  A type of Turkish tobacco with rich flavor, low nicotine, and cool smoke.  It has a very aromatic nature and is often blended with Latakia to somewhat subdue this property.  Primarily used as a condiment with pipe tobacco, but occasionally offered by itself.  Also called Smyrna.


== J ==
== J ==
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== K ==
== K ==
'''Kabakolak''':  A family of Turkish tobacco strains similar to Basibali, but with wings on their leaf stems in addition to distinct stems.
'''Kalmasch''':  A traditional German pipe shape, primarily seen in meerschaum, hallmarked by a bowl and shank of nearly the same, large diameter with a slightly bent shank, and often a very long stem made of cherry wood, flexible tubing, and various other materials.
[[File:Barling Full 1850.jpg|thumb|center|100px|A Kalmasch Pipe]]
'''Katerini''':  A Turkish varietal of the Samsun basibali type, with a milder, sweeter leaf.  Grown southwest of Thessaloniki in the Greek province of Macedonia.


'''Kentucky''':  Dark-Fired Kentucky is a type of pipe tobacco made from burley which is cured over a fire and flavored by its smoke.
'''Kentucky''':  Dark-Fired Kentucky is a type of pipe tobacco made from burley which is cured over a fire and flavored by its smoke.
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== L ==
== L ==


'''Latakia''':  Named for the principal port city of Syria, latakia is a form of tobacco which is cured over a stone pine or oak wood fire, giving it a smoky flavor.  Most latakia, despite the name, is now grown in Cyprus, not Syria, and camel dung has nothing to do with the process of its creation.
'''Latakia''':  Named for the principal port city of Syria, latakia is not a specific plant varietal, but rather one of a number of Turkish varietals which are fire cured over a stone pine or oak wood fire, giving it a smoky flavor.  Most latakia, despite the name, is now grown in Cyprus, not Syria, and camel dung has nothing to do with the process of its creation.


'''Lovat''':  A pipe shape, according to the [[Lovat|A.S.P. Pipe Parts Charts by Bill Burney]], which is essentially a Canadian but with a round shank instead of oval and a saddle stem.
'''Lovat''':  A pipe shape, according to the [[Lovat|A.S.P. Pipe Parts Charts by Bill Burney]], which is essentially a Canadian but with a round shank instead of oval and a saddle stem.
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== M ==
== M ==
'''Macedonia''':  1.  A province of north-central Greece, west of Thrace, which includes the sea port of Thessaloniki (Salonika) and the Katerini tobacco region    2.  A recently independent republic, formerly part of Soviet Yugoslavia, located immediately north of the Greek province of Macedonia, and the source of Prilep tobacco.
'''Mahale''':  A Turkish tobacco with a basma leaf type grown downslope from Xanthi.


'''Maryland''':  An extremely mild tobacco used in a number of American tobacco blends, especially to add a nutty flavor to Burley.  Sadly the state of Maryland now pays farmers not to grow tobacco.
'''Maryland''':  An extremely mild tobacco used in a number of American tobacco blends, especially to add a nutty flavor to Burley.  Sadly the state of Maryland now pays farmers not to grow tobacco.
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'''Mellowing''':  Particularly used in referring to Latakia's tendency to be less overpowering after some aging, the term is sometimes used to refer to a general tendency of tobacco to become more smooth with age.
'''Mellowing''':  Particularly used in referring to Latakia's tendency to be less overpowering after some aging, the term is sometimes used to refer to a general tendency of tobacco to become more smooth with age.
'''Morta''':  Also known as bog-wood or abonos, morta is a material cut from trees which have been buried in peat bogs and near-petrified by the acidic and anaerobic conditions of the bog for a period sometimes hundreds or even thousands of years long.  It is valued for its very high mineral content and resulting resistance to fire.


'''Mortise''':  A mortise is at its most basic a hole cut or drilled to accept a smaller tenon and make a joint.  The joint has been used in woodworking for thousands of years, and in pipe construction generally appears as a hole drilled larger than the airway and at the same depth as the stem tenon.  Variations, however, are unlimited.
'''Mortise''':  A mortise is at its most basic a hole cut or drilled to accept a smaller tenon and make a joint.  The joint has been used in woodworking for thousands of years, and in pipe construction generally appears as a hole drilled larger than the airway and at the same depth as the stem tenon.  Variations, however, are unlimited.
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== N ==
== N ==
'''Nautilus''':  A pipe shape originally created by Bo [[Nordh]] and named for its obvious resemblance to the shell of a nautilus, resulting in an airway passing through a shank curved in a loop and pierced in the center to suggest the closed portion of the shell, a bowl shaped like the long open mouth of the shell, and a foot curving in a near half circle beneath.


'''Nail''':  The simplest form of pipe tool is the venerable Pipe Nail, which generally looks much like its namesake, one end flat to tamp with and another coming to a point or spoon for clearing ash and tar.
'''Nail''':  The simplest form of pipe tool is the venerable Pipe Nail, which generally looks much like its namesake, one end flat to tamp with and another coming to a point or spoon for clearing ash and tar.
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'''Pipe''':  A tube with a small bowl at one end used for the smoking of tobacco.
'''Pipe''':  A tube with a small bowl at one end used for the smoking of tobacco.
'''Pit''':  Briar grows underground and as such is prone to picking up bits of sand which create a void in the block, sometimes not noticeable until the pipe is nearly finished.  Traditionally pits, or sand pits, would simply be filled with putty and stained over for a value priced pipe.


'''P-Lip''':  A type of pipe mouthpiece invented by Peterson of Dublin and relying on a small hole on the top of a stem rather than a hole at its end.  Meant to reduce tongue bite by directing the flow of smoke away from the tongue.
'''P-Lip''':  A type of pipe mouthpiece invented by Peterson of Dublin and relying on a small hole on the top of a stem rather than a hole at its end.  Meant to reduce tongue bite by directing the flow of smoke away from the tongue.
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'''Pot''':  According to the [[Pot|A.S.P. Pipe Parts Charts by Bill Burney]], the pot is a billiard with a shorter bowl, but not a shorter shank than a standard billiard.
'''Pot''':  According to the [[Pot|A.S.P. Pipe Parts Charts by Bill Burney]], the pot is a billiard with a shorter bowl, but not a shorter shank than a standard billiard.
'''Prilep''':  A Sirdily variety of Turkish tobacco commonly grown in the region of the town of Prilep, which is located in the Independent Republic of Macedonia.


'''Prince''':  According to the [[Prince|A.S.P. Pipe Parts Charts by Bill Burney]], the prince is a pipe shape characterized by a squat rounded bowl and along, usually slightly bent stem with a short shank.  The pipe was named after Prince Albert, later King Edward VII, the Prince of Wales.
'''Prince''':  According to the [[Prince|A.S.P. Pipe Parts Charts by Bill Burney]], the prince is a pipe shape characterized by a squat rounded bowl and along, usually slightly bent stem with a short shank.  The pipe was named after Prince Albert, later King Edward VII, the Prince of Wales.
'''Push/Pull''':  The term generally used to describe a two part mortise and tenon system used in meerschaum pipes and developed by Andreas Bauer originally.  A push/pull consists of a threaded Delrin tenon and a separate threaded plastic mortise.  The preferred method of connecting stem and shank in meerschaum pipes, which lack the durability for long term use of a standard mortise/tenon connection.


== Q ==
== Q ==
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== R ==
== R ==
'''Ramses''':  A pipe shape created by Bo [[Nordh]] and later named by a visiting customer for its resemblance to the statue of Ramses II in Abu Simbel, Egypt.  Characterized by a long, wide sloping shank which also serves as the foot of the pipe and a long, tapered bowl which rests almost vertically on the shank.  Stems are generally partially bent.
[[File:Bo Nordh Ramses01.jpg|thumb|center|100px|A Nordh Ramses]]


'''Reaming''': Trimming back cake from the bowl of a tobacco pipe.
'''Reaming''': Trimming back cake from the bowl of a tobacco pipe.
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'''Rhodesian''':  A subject of great dispute.  Unlikely to have been named for Cecil Rhodes, and more likely to have taken its name from Rhodesian tobacco, a Rhodesian is considered by some to be any bent bulldog, by others to be any bulldog with a round shank, and by others any bulldog shape with a greater bowl width than height.  For each accepted definition of the word there is a pipe sold which contradicts it, and no consensus is likely.
'''Rhodesian''':  A subject of great dispute.  Unlikely to have been named for Cecil Rhodes, and more likely to have taken its name from Rhodesian tobacco, a Rhodesian is considered by some to be any bent bulldog, by others to be any bulldog with a round shank, and by others any bulldog shape with a greater bowl width than height.  For each accepted definition of the word there is a pipe sold which contradicts it, and no consensus is likely.
'''Room Note''':  The smell of a particular tobacco as it is being smoked.  Easier to detect by those not smoking the blend, and a key component to the choice of a pipe tobacco blend especially for those who smoke in public environments.  Simply put, how pleasing the smoke would be to a bystander.


== S ==
== S ==
'''Samsun''':  A Turkish tobacco of the basibali variety with a heart-shaped leaf, grown near the town of Samsun, Turkey on the shores of the Black Sea.  Low nicotine tobacco, but with strong flavor and dark color.
'''Samsun-Maden''':  Also called Bafra for the village near Samsun, Samsun-Maden is a basibali Turkish tobacco characterized by leaves which are are small sized and ovalThe leaf faces are red to bright red. This strain can be smoked without blending. Nicotine content is often lower than 1% and sugar content is 9-12%.


'''Shank''':  The portion of a stummel between the bowl and mouthpiece, and generally containing the mortise.  The length of the pipe shank is one of the key variables in the shape of a pipe, as is it's shape, whether square, diamond, oval or round.
'''Shank''':  The portion of a stummel between the bowl and mouthpiece, and generally containing the mortise.  The length of the pipe shank is one of the key variables in the shape of a pipe, as is it's shape, whether square, diamond, oval or round.
'''Shirazi''':  Named for the ancient city of Shiraz in south-western Iran and claimed to be native to that country, Shirazi tobacco is thought to have reached Iran from the Americas in the mid 1500s.  Once called ''Nicotiana Persica''.
'''Sirdily''':  A category of Turkish basma subvarietals characterized by small, narrow, acutely pointed leaves.


'''Slot''':  A slot is the wide opening at the end of the mouthpiece tapering into the airway of the pipe.  Generally seen only on vulcanite and acrylic stems from the last century, the slot is funneled both to make the insertion of a pipe cleaner easier and to make for a smoother flow for the smoke.
'''Slot''':  A slot is the wide opening at the end of the mouthpiece tapering into the airway of the pipe.  Generally seen only on vulcanite and acrylic stems from the last century, the slot is funneled both to make the insertion of a pipe cleaner easier and to make for a smoother flow for the smoke.
'''Smyrna''':  A type of Turkish tobacco with rich flavor, low nicotine, and cool smoke.  It has a very aromatic nature and is often blended with Latakia to somewhat subdue this property.  Primarily used as a condiment with pipe tobacco, but occasionally offered by itself.  Also called Izmir.
'''Sokhoum''':  A type of Turkish varietal of the Samsun basibali type which is deeply fermented.  Grown in the mountains above the town of Sokhoum Kale (Sokhumi) in the Republic of Georgia.
'''Soppeng''':  A type of Indonesian tobacco prepared much like a traditional cavendish but using palm sugar as the sweetener, and then fired.  Primarily smoked in cigarettes but enjoyed as pipe tobacco also, Soppeng is sometimes flavored with cinnamon or other tastes during preparation.
'''Sphinx''':  A shape created by Bo [[Nordh]] and characterized by a wide domed bowl front cut so as to show birdseye at the center with straight grain radiating out from that point, giving a sunburst pattern.  A similar shape, the Mounted Sphinx, was created by [[Geiger Pipes|Love and Sara Geiger]], but was not created as a variation on the shape.
'''Spiderwebbing''':  A term used to describe a possible condition of estate pipes, spiderwebbing is the result of oversmoking but, rather than showing in a single spot like char in the bowl or a burnout, is characterized by a pattern of char lines, which look like shallow cracks and are actually burnt into the wood of the bowl.  Can be concealed by any amount of cake or even a bowl coating, and so it is usually only evident in a bowl which has been sanded back to bare wood.


'''Spur''':  A small protrusion at the bottom of traditional clay pipes to ensure a hot bowl does not burn the table.  Frequently included in cutty pipes made even in briar and meerschaum in later decades as an ornamental element of the cutty shape.  Seen only occasionally today.
'''Spur''':  A small protrusion at the bottom of traditional clay pipes to ensure a hot bowl does not burn the table.  Frequently included in cutty pipes made even in briar and meerschaum in later decades as an ornamental element of the cutty shape.  Seen only occasionally today.


[[File:Spur.jpg|thumb|center|100px|Clay Pipe Resting on Spur]]
[[File:Spur.jpg|thumb|center|100px|Clay Pipe Resting on Spur]]
'''Srintil''':  A type of heavily fermented, air cured Indonesian tobacco grown in the Java region in the Temangung valley which grows at the top of a plant and by abnormality produces an extreme amount of resin, making it highly potent.  Fermentation details are thought to be similar to perique, and in 1983 approximately 3 tons a year of Srintil were grown worldwide.  Sometimes extracted in an aqueous solution for use as a flavoring agent.
'''Stinger''':  Sometimes referred to as a "metal filter", "cleaner", or "condenser", a stinger is a metal protrusion containing the last portion of the airway in many pipes, primarily of the mid-20th century.  A stinger extends from the tenon on a stem into the shank of the pipe, generally in turn drilled with a deeper mortise to allow space.  Stingers were used commonly in non-filtered pipes for the majority of the twentieth century, but are no longer seen.
[[File:8.jpg|thumb|center|100px|Pipe stem with Stinger]]


'''Stummel''':  German for stump, the stummel is a complete pipe minus only a stem and any final adornments, including the bowl, shank, and transition between the two.
'''Stummel''':  German for stump, the stummel is a complete pipe minus only a stem and any final adornments, including the bowl, shank, and transition between the two.


== T ==
== T ==
'''Tambolaka''':  An Indonesian tobacco grown in limestone heavy soil and after harvesting rolled into long sticks which are bound and stored for five years.  Sold both as pipe tobacco and as a component of Indonesian cigars.  Very high in nicotine with a tin note best described as pungent. 


'''Tamp''':  Using a tool or finger to compress the contents of the pipe bowl so as to bring unburnt tobacco into contact with the ember.
'''Tamp''':  Using a tool or finger to compress the contents of the pipe bowl so as to bring unburnt tobacco into contact with the ember.
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'''Tamper''':  A tool used to tamp a pipe, generally with a flat end designed for that purpose and a handle.  A tamper can be as simple as a piece of dowel or as ornate as the buyer may wish.  While it seems inconsequential, tamping is important both for the care of the pipe and the coolness of the smoke.
'''Tamper''':  A tool used to tamp a pipe, generally with a flat end designed for that purpose and a handle.  A tamper can be as simple as a piece of dowel or as ornate as the buyer may wish.  While it seems inconsequential, tamping is important both for the care of the pipe and the coolness of the smoke.


'''Tenon''':  The tenon is the smaller diameter protrusion at the end of a pipe stem which holds the stem to the stummel.  It takes its name from one of the oldest joints in woodworking, the mortise and tenon joint.  Over the last two centuries tenons have been made separately with bone screws, cut integrally into a vulcanite stem to fit a cut mortise in the stummel, made from threaded aluminum or plastic, made from aluminum to fit a pre-drilled mortise so as to hold a filter, made from delrin and placed into a drilled hole in the stem, and in other fashions as well.   
'''Tenon''':  The tenon is the smaller diameter protrusion at the end of a pipe stem which holds the stem to the stummel.  It takes its name from one of the oldest joints in woodworking, the mortise and tenon joint.  Over the last two centuries tenons have been made separately with bone screws, cut integrally into a vulcanite stem to fit a cut mortise in the stummel, made from threaded aluminum or plastic, made from aluminum to fit a pre-drilled mortise so as to hold a filter, made from delrin and placed into a drilled hole in the stem, and in other fashions as well.  
 
'''Tin Note''': As opposed to the aroma of burning tobacco, the tin note is the scent which can be smelled from the unsmoked tobacco when opened, and is considered a good way to begin to understand a new blend and determine to some degree its components and their relative strength.
 
'''Trebizond''':  No known as Trabzon, Trebizond is grown in Turkey at the southeast shores of the Black Sea.  A basibali varietal resembling Samsun, but coarser and stronger.
 
'''Turkish''':  A term used to refer not only to tobaccos grown in modern day Turkey, but rather to any tobacco grown under the Ottoman Empire, particularly at the height of its power under Suleiman the Magnificent.  As a result, while the town of Yenidje, for example, would today be in Greece, yenidje tobacco is still classified as Turkish.


'''Twist''':  A form of tobacco, also known as rope tobacco, which is spun into a roll, largely by hand, rather than being pressed into flakes.  One of the oldest forms of smoking tobacco.
'''Twist''':  A form of tobacco, also known as rope tobacco, which is spun into a roll, largely by hand, rather than being pressed into flakes.  One of the oldest forms of smoking tobacco.
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'''Ukulele''':  A pipe shape first designed by [[Sixten Ivarsson]] for the [[Pibe-Dan]] shop in the 1950s and named ukulele, some credit Ed [[Burak]] for the design which he considered a bulldog.  A ukulele is characterized by a domed, wide bowl and a wide oval shank with a flat bowl bottom, according to the [[Ukulele|A.S.P. Pipe Parts Charts by Bill Burney]].
'''Ukulele''':  A pipe shape first designed by [[Sixten Ivarsson]] for the [[Pibe-Dan]] shop in the 1950s and named ukulele, some credit Ed [[Burak]] for the design which he considered a bulldog.  A ukulele is characterized by a domed, wide bowl and a wide oval shank with a flat bowl bottom, according to the [[Ukulele|A.S.P. Pipe Parts Charts by Bill Burney]].
'''Ulmer''':  A pipe shape which took its name from the city of Ulm, Germany, and originally attributed to Johann Jakob Glöckle in the early 18th century, the ulmer is a full bent pipe in a "U" shape with a wider portion at the base.
[[File:Ulmer.JPG|thumb|center|100px|An Ulmer pipe]]


== V ==
== V ==
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