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| == Stummels ==
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| The "Stummel" is the briar portion of the pipe, which includes the bowl and shank.
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| === Briar ===
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| Here are some interesting articles on briar:
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| *[http://pipedia.org/docs/CharacteristicsOfBriar.pdf Characteristics Of Briar] is a very thorough and interesting research paper in .pdf format by G. Tsoumis, N. Kezos, I Fanariotou, E. Voulgaridis, and C. Passialis documenting the various characteristics of briar.
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| *[[Curing & Treating]], by [[Trever Talbert]]
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| *[[Where to Get Your Briar]], by [[Kurt Huhn]]
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| *[[100 Year Old Briar?]], A small collection of information by Bill Unger.
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| *R.C. Hamlin has also written an interesting article on this subject of briar called [http://www.pipeguy.com/briar_factor.htm The Briar Factor].
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| *So you think you're a "Briar Afficionado"? This is a short but extremely informative article by [[Rainer Barbi]] available here: [http://www.rdfield.com/Barbi/The_Briar_Saga_1.jpg The Briar Saga Page 1] & [http://www.rdfield.com/Barbi/The_Briar_Saga_2.jpg The Briar Saga Page 2].
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| *[[My Visit to A Briar Sawmill]], [[What Makes a Good Briar Pipe]], [[The Art of Sandblasting]], and [[Curing]] all excellent articles by R.D. Field.
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| === Morta ===
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| Morta is semi-fossilized wood. It is created when large trees are felled or overturned by geologic activity and become buried in an oxygen-limited fashion, usually in peat or clay. The wood is unable to rot normally so it begins the long process of fossilizing into stone. Morta is a generic term used to describe any semi-fossilized wood of this style. Morta is found in various locations across the globe, usually in marshlands or moors, and varies widely in its durability, age, and potential usefulness for pipemaking. Trever Talbert is one of the pipe makers using Morta for one of his lines of pipes, and the morta he uses is from a local oak forest that covered the Briere area some 3,000+ years ago. Trever describes the process in the following article, [[Creating Pipes From Morta]]
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| === Overview ===
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| The basis for the following section was written by [[Tyler Lane]] for his [http://www.tylerlanepipes.com/index.php website], and is used by permission.
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| The internal engineering of a pipe does a lot to determine the smoking qualities of a pipe. While it is most certainly critical to start with good briar, it is also important to take care to do a good job of drilling in order to maximize the potential of the briar. A poorly drilled pipe is not only a sign of a maker's sloppiness, but is likely to hurt the smoking qualities of a pipe.
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| Essentially three holes need be drilled in the briar block to make it into a pipe. The tobacco chamber , the draught hole (or smoke hole), and the mortise (the hole in the end of the shank which the stem is inserted into).
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| Most tobacco chambers are 5/8"-1", and I estimate that the majority of handmade pipes have tobacco chambers from 3/4"-7/8" range. The profile of this holes ranges from a U-shape to a V-shape, determined mostly by the shape of the bowl. A tobacco chamber's diameter is measured at the top of the bowl.
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| Draught-hole size is a topic of much debate. The size of this hole is a large factor in the openness of the draw, and the debate is over which size brings the best smoking characteristics. I personally use 5/32" (3.97 mm), and this is on the larger size of the debate. Some endorse a draught hole as large as 4.2-4.3 mm, while some say that 3.2-3.5 mm is the optimum size. Ultimately, there are so many variables, from tobacco chamber size and shape, to the nature and curing of each block of briar, that it is nigh on impossible to claim a best size for all scenarios. As such, a compromise much be reached, and each pipe maker must use a size that he determines best matches his, and his customers', desires.
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| Finally, there is the mortise. This needs to be very cleanly cut into the shank to provide a nice fit for the tenon on the stem. Most mortises range from 1/4"- 3/8", with the norm falling around 5/16".
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| Drilling can be done at various points in the carving process. I personally drill the holes as the first step of the pipe making process, in the order of draught hole, mortise hole, then tobacco chamber. I think this is the standard order of events for most hobbyist carvers. Many of the Danish carvers, shape the pipe first then drill the stummel by hand after it is shaped. The advantage to this process is that the shape of the pipe is not constrained by the pre-bored holes, and the shape can therefore be adjusted to maximize the beauty of the grain and minimize pits. It is not practiced as often as the "holes-first" method, I suppose because of years of practice necessary to develop the degree of skill it requires to drill the holes properly by hand.
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| The following articles should prove helpful in understanding the process of drilling and shaping the stummel.
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| === Processes ===
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| Pipe makers use a variety of methods to accomplish the basic tasks of making a pipe. The following articles attempt to chronicle methods for working with stummels that are in use by some respected pipe makers.
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| [[Drilling on a Lathe]] ([[Tyler Lane]]) | [[Shaping on a Lathe]] (Tyler Lane) | [[Shaping with a Sanding Disc]] (Tyler Lane) | [[Shaping with Misc Tools]] (Tyler Lane) | [[Bamboo Shanks]] | [[Hardwood Shank Extensions]] | [[Trever Talbert on Sawing and Shaping]] | [[Trever Talbert on Drilling]] | [[Trever Talbert on Detail Shaping]] | [[Creating Pipes From Morta]] (Trever Talbert)
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| [[Shaping Before Drilling]]
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| The Chicago pipe show site has some videos of pipe making:
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| [http://www.chicagopipeshow.com/education/JTCookeSeminar.ram J.T. Cooke Video]
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| [http://www.chicagopipeshow.com/education/2007NanaIvarsson.ram Nana Ivarssen]
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| Joel Shaperio (JS Pipes) has a nice photo essay of his [http://jspipes.com/PipeMaking/index.htm Pipe making process]
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| The Synjeco's Pipe Smoker's Haven [http://www.synjeco.ch/pipesandtobaccos/pata.htm website] has an interesting series of pictorial essays on various pipe makers working that may prove helpful as you sort through your own processes:
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| *[http://www.synjeco.ch/pipesandtobaccos/info/insights/cavlab.htm Claudio Cavicchi making pipes and his wife Daniela Rusticating]
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| *[http://www.synjeco.ch/pipesandtobaccos/info/insights/baldophoto.htm Baldo Baldi processes]
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| *[http://www.synjeco.ch/pipesandtobaccos/info/insights/dcmaking.htm Don Carlos (Bruto Sordini) processes]
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| *[http://www.synjeco.ch/pipesandtobaccos/info/insights/morlab.htm Moretti (Marco Biagini) processes]
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| *[http://www.synjeco.ch/pipesandtobaccos/info/insights/genmake.htm Monsieur Genod] (has some shots of interesting frazing equipment in use)
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| == Stems == | | == Stems == |