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[[File:GBD CityDeLuxe 1932.jpg|thumb|1932 Ad, courtesy Doug Valitchka]]
[[File:GBD CityDeLuxe 1932.jpg|thumb|1932 Ad, courtesy Doug Valitchka]]
Deutsche Version siehe '''[[GBD.de]]'''


'''NEW''' French Version '''[[GBD.fr]]'''. '''''Many thanks to Jean-Christophe Bienfait for his translation'''''


Deutsche Version siehe '''[[GBD.de]]'''




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Few details are known about the early fabrication of Meerschaum pipes. But as elsewhere too, the bulk was made as figural carvings. However at a remarkable early time GBD also offered standard models such as Bents, derivations of clay pipes reminding of current Dublins or Belges and early Bulldog variations.
Few details are known about the early fabrication of Meerschaum pipes. But as elsewhere too, the bulk was made as figural carvings. However at a remarkable early time GBD also offered standard models such as Bents, derivations of clay pipes reminding of current Dublins or Belges and early Bulldog variations.


[[Image:GBDcasedBentweb.jpg|thumb|left|French made New Era, courtesy G.L.Pease Collection]]
[[Image:GBDcasedBentweb.jpg|thumb|left|French made New Era, courtesy G.L.Pease Collection]][[File:GBD Unique Straight Grain.JPG|thumb|thumb|Beautiful examples from Václav Blahovec's collection]][[File:Silver GBD pipes from my collection.JPG|thumb|Examples of silver embellished GBDs from Václav Blahovec's collection]]
Very early the proprietors of GBD recognized the inestimable advantages of briar wood for tobacco pipes. Shortly after the first fabrications in Saint-Claude had started they fixed contacts with suppliers there and began to obtain the new raw material to produce briar pipes in Paris. Soon the briars outdid the Meerschaums as the mainstay product. Business and reputation developed quickly and well. During it's first 40 years, GBD was honored with 15 medals of achievement on important international fairs worldwide. This helped a lot to introduce the brand successfully not only in Europe, but also in the USA, Canada, Australia and a little bit later in South Africa. From the very beginning GBD obtained only best quality stummels and/or pre-drilled pipes.   
Very early the proprietors of GBD recognized the inestimable advantages of briar wood for tobacco pipes. Shortly after the first fabrications in Saint-Claude had started they fixed contacts with suppliers there and began to obtain the new raw material to produce briar pipes in Paris. Soon the briars outdid the Meerschaums as the mainstay product. Business and reputation developed quickly and well. During it's first 40 years, GBD was honored with 15 medals of achievement on important international fairs worldwide. This helped a lot to introduce the brand successfully not only in Europe, but also in the USA, Canada, Australia and a little bit later in South Africa. From the very beginning GBD obtained only best quality stummels and/or pre-drilled pipes.   


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[[Image:GBD9242NS.jpg|thumb|right|New Standard, bent Rhodesian (#9242) shape, courtesy G.L.Pease Collection]][[Image:GBD1.jpg|thumb|GBD Estate Pipe Virgin Bent Billiard 508 from [http://www.smokershaven.com/index.asp?PageAction=VIEWCATS&Category=310 Smoker's Haven]]][[Image:GBD3.jpg|thumb|GBD Estate Pipe Unique Magnum Sized Bent Champaigne Sitter from [http://www.smokershaven.com/index.asp?PageAction=VIEWCATS&Category=310 Smoker's Haven]]]
[[Image:GBD9242NS.jpg|thumb|right|New Standard, bent Rhodesian (#9242) shape, courtesy G.L.Pease Collection]][[Image:GBD1.jpg|thumb|GBD Estate Pipe Virgin Bent Billiard 508 from [http://www.smokershaven.com/index.asp?PageAction=VIEWCATS&Category=310 Smoker's Haven]]][[Image:GBD3.jpg|thumb|GBD Estate Pipe Unique Magnum Sized Bent Champaigne Sitter from [http://www.smokershaven.com/index.asp?PageAction=VIEWCATS&Category=310 Smoker's Haven]]]
Early GBDs were made only in one single grade concerning the wood’s quality, later supplemented by a second one, and there was only a very limited number of finishes. But toward the end of the 19th century, the demand changed. For example the Britons preferred darker stainings. More differentiated customer’s wishes made the introduction of additional markings necessary. GBD Xtra and GBD Special were very early models who’s names indicated special final treatments and / or fitments. The standard quality was stamped simply with GBD.
Early GBDs were made only in one single grade concerning the wood’s quality, later supplemented by a second one, and there was only a very limited number of finishes. But toward the end of the 19th century, the demand changed. For example the Britons preferred darker stainings. More differentiated customer’s wishes made the introduction of additional markings necessary. GBD Xtra and GBD Special were very early models who’s names indicated special final treatments and / or fitments. The standard quality was stamped simply with GBD.
<gallery widths=250 heights=185 caption="French-made 1892 GBD bulldog. The pipe is unique not only for its age and condition, but it appears to have some connection to the renowned French general, Alfred-Amédée Dodds. Courtesy Anthony Cook (cooksfinepipeworks.com), who restored it.">
File:1892gbd-200.jpg
File:1892gbd-203.jpg
File:1892gbd-204.jpg
File:1892gbd-205.jpg
File:1892gbd-206.jpg
</gallery>


At the end of the 19th century GBD offered 1,500 models(!). (Please note however, that the same shape  offered with three different materials for the stems was counted thrice!) In the first decade of the 20th century stems made of amber and synthetic amber were still widely used, but Vulcanite and horn had become the most popular materials. A further sign of the times  were army mount pipes which were available meanwhile in 30 different shapes of inceasing popularity. The winner of the day was the Billiard (36 shapes now), along with 36 Bents and 32 Dublins / Zulus. Best newcomer was the Bulldog (15). The hoofs were almost out of fashion.
At the end of the 19th century GBD offered 1,500 models(!). (Please note however, that the same shape  offered with three different materials for the stems was counted thrice!) In the first decade of the 20th century stems made of amber and synthetic amber were still widely used, but Vulcanite and horn had become the most popular materials. A further sign of the times  were army mount pipes which were available meanwhile in 30 different shapes of inceasing popularity. The winner of the day was the Billiard (36 shapes now), along with 36 Bents and 32 Dublins / Zulus. Best newcomer was the Bulldog (15). The hoofs were almost out of fashion.
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After the war, GBD continued production both in London and in Paris. London GBDs mainly went into the national trade and as well into the British Empire and the USA. Paris on the other hand served the French and the other European markets. The location of the factories influenced the GBD history furthermore in the future although later on the products of both countries occasionally were marketed side to side to match special market requests.
After the war, GBD continued production both in London and in Paris. London GBDs mainly went into the national trade and as well into the British Empire and the USA. Paris on the other hand served the French and the other European markets. The location of the factories influenced the GBD history furthermore in the future although later on the products of both countries occasionally were marketed side to side to match special market requests.
[[Image:Gbd.gif|thumb|right|Left 2 are French, right is English, Colossus, 7.25" long, courtesy Derek Green]]
[[Image:Gbd.gif|thumb|right|Left 2 are French, right is English, Colossus, 7.25" long, courtesy Derek Green]]
[[Image:GBD 1.jpg|thumb|right|GBD Standard 1054 France [http://pipe.forumssity.ru/viewtopic.php?id=31#p771 Сollection Yuriy Novikov]]]
[[Image:18898.JPG|thumb|right| Courtesy Yuriy Novikov]]]
[[Image:BULL 1-1.jpg|thumb|right|GBD Prehistoric 237 U [http://pipe.forumssity.ru/viewtopic.php?id=31#p771 Сollection Yuriy Novikov]]]
[[Image:GBD 1.jpg|thumb|right|GBD Standard 1054 France Сollection Yuriy Novikov]]
[[Image:D 1.jpg|thumb|right|GBD STANDARD 1086 St.Claude [http://pipe.forumssity.ru/viewtopic.php?id=31#p784 Сollection Yuriy Novikov]]]
[[Image:BULL 1-1.jpg|thumb|right|GBD Prehistoric 237 U   Сollection Yuriy Novikov]]
[[Image:1019-1-4.jpg|thumb|right|GBD UNIQUE STRAIGHT GRAIN London England, Courtesy Vaclav Blahovec (Artim), Photo by [http://blaik-pipes.ru/ Blaik-Pipes]]]
[[Image:D 1.jpg|thumb|right|GBD STANDARD 1086 St.Claude Сollection Yuriy Novikov]]
[[Image:1019-01-1.jpg|thumb|right|GBD UNIQUE STRAIGHT GRAIN London England, Courtesy Vaclav Blahovec (Artim), Photo by [http://blaik-pipes.ru/ Blaik-Pipes]]]
[[Image:GBD 922.jpg|thumb|GBD 922 STRAIGHT GRAIN France]]
[[Image:GBD 922.jpg|thumb|GBD 922 STRAIGHT GRAIN France]]
[[Image:NE 1-8.jpg|thumb|GBD NEW ERA A.L'ALGERIEN PARIS 1930-40 ''Courtesy of [http://blaik-pipes.ru/ Blaik-Pipes]'']]
[[Image:NE 1-8.jpg|thumb|GBD NEW ERA A.L'ALGERIEN PARIS 1930-40 ''Courtesy of [http://blaik-pipes.ru/ Blaik-Pipes]'']]
[[Image:1019-01-1.jpg|thumb|right|GBD UNIQUE STRAIGHT GRAIN London England, Courtesy [http://blaik-pipes.ru/ Blaik-Pipes]]]
[[Image:GBD2.jpg|thumb|right|GBD Estate Pipe Unique Magnum Sized Bent Champaigne Sitter from  
[[Image:GBD2.jpg|thumb|right|GBD Estate Pipe Unique Magnum Sized Bent Champaigne Sitter from  
[http://www.smokershaven.com/index.asp?PageAction=VIEWCATS&Category=310 Smoker's Haven]]]
[http://www.smokershaven.com/index.asp?PageAction=VIEWCATS&Category=310 Smoker's Haven]]]
[[Image:GBD4.jpg|thumb|[http://www.smokershaven.com/index.asp?PageAction=VIEWCATS&Category=310 Courtesy Smoker's Haven]]]
[[Image:GBD4.jpg|thumb|[http://www.smokershaven.com/index.asp?PageAction=VIEWCATS&Category=310 Courtesy Smoker's Haven]]]
In 1920 Oppenheimer had purchased '''[[BBB]]''' (Blumfeld’s Best Briar, formerly A. Frankau) and little later '''[[Loewe & Co.]]''' and large shares of '''[[Comoy's]] of London'''. The economic crisis in the early 1920s induced the foundation of '''Cadogan Investments Ltd.''', named for it’s seat at Cadogan Square in London. The Cadogan group was a superordinated holding company, in order to tune all activities of Oppenheimer’s brands in the pipe industry. Whereby an extensive independence of the single brands was preserved. Remember, the Oppenheimers and Adlers weren’t pipe specialists, but rather sales people who depended on their experts in the British and French plants.
In 1920 Oppenheimer had purchased '''[[BBB]]''' (Blumfeld’s Best Briar, formerly A. Frankau) and little later '''[[Loewe & Co.]]''' and large shares of '''[[Comoy's]] of London'''. The economic crisis in the early 1920s induced the foundation of '''Cadogan Investments Ltd.''', named for it’s seat at Cadogan Square in London. The Cadogan group was a superordinated holding company, in order to tune all activities of Oppenheimer’s brands in the pipe industry. Whereby an extensive independence of the single brands was preserved. Remember, the Oppenheimers and Adlers weren’t pipe specialists, but rather sales people who depended on their experts in the British and French plants.
Several Catalog pages from a [https://pipedia.org/images/2/2f/1950s%3FGBDcatalog.pdf Circa 1950s Oppenheimer Pipes Catalog] featured GBD models, as well as several of the other brands.
<center><gallery widths=175px heights=250px caption="Pages from Circa 1950s Oppenheimer Pipes Catalog, courtesy Václav Blahovec">
File:1950sOppenheimerCatalogPg4-GBD.JPG
File:1950sOppenheimerCatalogPg5-GBD.JPG
File:1950sOppenheimerCatalogPg6-GBD.JPG
File:1950sOppenheimerCatalogPg7-GBD.JPG
File:1950sOppenheimerCatalogPg8-GBD.JPG
File:1950sOppenheimerCatalogPg9-GBD.JPG
File:1950sOppenheimerCatalogPg10-GBD.JPG
File:1950sOppenheimerCatalogPg11-GBD.JPG
File:1950sOppenheimerCatalogPg12-GBD.JPG
</gallery></center>


The claims after the 1st World War demanded further distinctions. First of all was the ''London Made'', which became the ''Standard London Made'', followed by the ''New Era''-- in 1931 the top model asking 12½ Shilling. The ''Pedigree'', although sketched around 1926, was not produced until the later 1930s. The ''New Standard'' was introduced in order to give the popular Standard of the 20s a higher rank in value. The ''Prehistoric'', a deeply sandblasted black pipe, that still carried the small GBD Xtra stamp, was entirely new and unusual.
The claims after the 1st World War demanded further distinctions. First of all was the ''London Made'', which became the ''Standard London Made'', followed by the ''New Era''-- in 1931 the top model asking 12½ Shilling. The ''Pedigree'', although sketched around 1926, was not produced until the later 1930s. The ''New Standard'' was introduced in order to give the popular Standard of the 20s a higher rank in value. The ''Prehistoric'', a deeply sandblasted black pipe, that still carried the small GBD Xtra stamp, was entirely new and unusual.
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The solid demand for GBD pipes also encouraged the management to introduce a number of sub brands designed to win new buyers. We can list such sub brands as follows:
The solid demand for GBD pipes also encouraged the management to introduce a number of sub brands designed to win new buyers. We can list such sub brands as follows:
* The '''City de Luxe''' (1921) had an inserted star on the stem as trademark and were marketed in England and in France. These pipes were the bestseller of the 5½ Shilling class in the 1930s in Great Britain.
* The '''[[City de Luxe]]''' (1921) had an inserted star on the stem as trademark and were marketed in England and in France. These pipes were the bestseller of the 5½ Shilling class in the 1930s in Great Britain.
* Reserved for the French market remained the even more favorable GBD brand '''Marcee''', a derivative of  Marechal Ruchon & Co. Ltd. that was offered until the 2nd World War and for another one or two years afterwards.
* Reserved for the French market remained the even more favorable GBD brand '''Marcee''', a derivative of  Marechal Ruchon & Co. Ltd. that was offered until the 2nd World War and for another one or two years afterwards.
* The '''Camelia''' - made in London as a 2½ Shilling line - was only around for a few years.
* The '''[[Camelia]]''' - made in London as a 2½ Shilling line - was only around for a few years.
* Important to mention is also the '''Riseagle'''—completely produced in Paris before the wartime for England’s smokers who wanted “a cheap but dependable British made pipe”… one of the most successful 1 Shilling pipes until 1939! The introduction of the luxury impact on the excise tax for pipes after the war put an end to this cheap brand.
* Important to mention is also the '''[[Riseagle]]'''—completely produced in Paris before the wartime for England’s smokers who wanted “a cheap but dependable British made pipe”… one of the most successful 1 Shilling pipes until 1939! The introduction of the luxury impact on the excise tax for pipes after the war put an end to this cheap brand.


Other brands of this time were marketed with even larger independence. The '''Dr. Plumb’s''' had been developed by the Parisian sales manager J.B. Rubinovich in 1925 when GBD France needed “a cheap line of pipes" especially for the Canadian market. In fact, the new brand was nicknamed for Mr. Rubinovich’s secretary Leslie W. Plumb, whose most important business was "to doctor figure" the ledgers. Dr. Plumb’s made their way not only in Canada. - The '''Peter Piper''', as well as the Dr. Plumb’s produced in Saint-Claude, is another great example that stampings like "London made" or "London England" are not always totally trustworthy also on older pipes! Not only today numberless brands are made in Saint Claude and stamped with whatever the buyer wants to be stamped...
Other brands of this time were marketed with even larger independence. The '''[[Dr. Plumb's]]''' had been developed by the Parisian sales manager J.B. Rubinovich in 1925 when GBD France needed “a cheap line of pipes" especially for the Canadian market. In fact, the new brand was nicknamed for Mr. Rubinovich’s secretary Leslie W. Plumb, whose most important business was "to doctor figure" the ledgers. Dr. Plumb’s made their way not only in Canada. - The '''Peter Piper''', as well as the Dr. Plumb’s produced in Saint-Claude, is another great example that stampings like "London made" or "London England" are not always totally trustworthy also on older pipes! Not only today numberless brands are made in Saint Claude and stamped with whatever the buyer wants to be stamped...


<gallery widths=250 heights=300 caption="1907 GBD, courtesy Racine & Laramie Tobacconist">
File:GBD-1907-1.jpeg
File:GBD-1907-2.jpeg
</gallery>


<gallery widths=250px heights=185px caption="French made GBD (Opera) 1880-1900, courtesy Yuriy Novikov">
<gallery widths=185 caption="Counter Top Advertiser, courtesy Racine & Laramie Tobacconist">
File:GBDburl.jpeg
File:GBDburl2.jpeg
File:GBDburl3.jpeg
</gallery>
 
<gallery widths=185px caption="French made GBD (Opera) 1880-1900, courtesy Yuriy Novikov">
File:GBD OPERA.jpeg
File:GBD OPERA.jpeg
File:GBD OPERA 2.jpeg
File:GBD OPERA 2.jpeg
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<gallery widths=200px heights=200px caption="French made GBD J.DELGAS 70 PASSAGE CHOISEUL (OOM PAUL) 1900-1910, courtesy Yuriy Novikov">
<gallery widths=150px heights=150px caption="French made GBD J.DELGAS 70 PASSAGE CHOISEUL (OOM PAUL) 1900-1910, courtesy Yuriy Novikov">
File:GBD 01.jpg
File:GBD 01.jpg
File:GBD 02.jpg
File:GBD 02.jpg
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</gallery>
</gallery>


 
<gallery widths=250 heights=185 caption="An early 3 star GBD, courtesy Doug Valitchka">
<gallery widths=250px heights=185px caption="Older cased GBD, courtesy Doug Valitchka">
File:GBD3Star01.jpg
File:GBD Old01.jpg
File:GBD3Star07.jpg
File:GBD Old13.jpg
File:GBD3Star08.jpg
File:GBD Old14.jpg
File:GBD3Star09.jpg
File:GBD3Star10.jpg
File:GBD3Star11.jpg
File:GBD3Star12.jpg
</gallery>
</gallery>
'''Note:''' ''We are looking for additional dating information on this style of GBD nomenclature. Please add it here, or send it to sethile.pipes@gmail.com , and we can add it for you.''




<center><gallery widths=250px heights=185 caption="Examples and details, courtesy Doug Valitchka">
File:GBDIntl01.jpg|GBD International
File:GBDIntl05.jpg|International Detail
</gallery>


<gallery widths=250px heights=185px caption="GBD International and detail, courtesy Doug Valitchka">
<gallery widths=250px heights=185 caption="Jameson's Collector (GBD Second), courtesy Doug Valitchka">
File:GBDIntl01.jpg
File:Jameson's.png
File:GBDIntl05.jpg
File:Jamesons01.jpg
File:Jamesons07.jpg
</gallery>
</gallery>




<gallery widths=185px caption="Various examples">
<gallery widths=200px caption="Various examples">
File:Irwins Rum.jpg|GBD Made Rum Pipe, courtesy Doug Valitchka
File:IrwinsRum.jpg|Rum pipe cleaners?, courtesy Doug Valitchka
File:Jameson's.png|Jameson's by GBD, courtesy Doug Valitchka
File:GBD_MRCLD_complete.jpeg
File:GBD_MRCLD_complete.jpeg
File:GBD_MRCLD_detail.jpeg
File:GBD_MRCLD_detail.jpeg
File:GBD pipe-1.jpg
File:GBD pipe 3.jpg
File:GBD pipe 4.jpg
File:0107-1.jpg
File:0107-1.jpg
File:0107-9.jpg
File:0107-9.jpg
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File:2131-2.jpg
File:2131-2.jpg
File:GBD(MRCL).jpg
File:GBD(MRCL).jpg
File:GBD 001.JPG
File:NE 02-2.jpg
File:NE 02-2.jpg
File:GBD 724 Standard France.jpg
File:GBD 724 Standard France.jpg
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File:1102-01.jpg
File:1102-01.jpg
File:1102-4.jpg
File:1102-4.jpg
File:City de Luxe-6.jpg
File:GBD EXTRA DRY.jpg
File:GBD EXTRA DRY.jpg
File:GBD EXTRA DRY 326.jpg
File:GBD EXTRA DRY 326.jpg
File:4149-1.JPG
File:P1060037_-3.jpg
File:P1060037_-3.jpg
File:P1060036 -3.jpg
File:P1060036 -3.jpg
File:IrwinsConquest01.jpg|Irwin's Conquest, a GBD second
File:38-001.JPG
File:IrwinsConquest07.jpg|Irwin's Conquest Nomenclature
File:MARCEE DE LUXE (GBD).jpg|MARCEE DE LUXE (Marechal Ruchon & Co. Ltd)
File:Wimbledon01.jpg|Winbledon, a GBD second
File:MARCEE DE LUXE (GBD)2.jpg|MARCEE DE LUXE (Marechal Ruchon & Co. Ltd)
File:Wimbledon07.jpg|Winbledon Nomenclature
File:City de Luxe Straight Grain.jpg|City de Luxe Straight Grain
</gallery>
File:07-1.JPG
File:GBD 001.JPG
File:City de Luxe-3.jpg
File:City de Luxe-1.png
File:City de Luxe-2.png
File:Camelia.JPG
File:GBD-00088.png
</gallery></center>




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== Onsite links ==
== Onsite links ==
[[File:OppenheimerPipes-1950sCatalog-Pg1.png|thumb|link=https://pipedia.org/images/2/2f/1950s%3FGBDcatalog.pdf|Oppenheimer Pipes Building, from [https://pipedia.org/images/2/2f/1950s%3FGBDcatalog.pdfCirca 1950s catalog], courtesy Václav Blahovec]]
*[https://pipedia.org/images/2/2f/1950s%3FGBDcatalog.pdf Wonderful Circa 1950 GBD featured Oppenheimer Pipes Catalog]
*[[GBD Shapes/Numbers]]
*[[GBD Shapes/Numbers]]
*[[GBD Model Information]]
*[[GBD Model Information]]
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[[Category: Pipe makers by nationality]]
[[Category: Pipe makers by nationality]]
[[Category: Great Britain]]
[[Category: Great Britain]][[Category:France]]
[[Category:GBD]]
[[Category:GBD]]
Retrieved from "https://pipedia.org/wiki/Special:MobileDiff/26029...31188"

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