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# | [[Image:pollockclaypipes1.jpg|thumb|right|75pxl|Fox & Grapes, [[Pollock Clay Pipes]]]] | ||
As mentioned in [[Materials and Construction#Clay|Materials and Construction]] clay in this case is almost always a very fine white clay. Low-quality "clay" pipes are actually made from porcelain forming techniques known as slip, and poured into a mold. These are porous, of very low quality, and impart unwanted flavors to a smoke. Top-notch clays, on the other hand are made in a labor-intensive process that requires beating all air out of the clay, hand-rolling each pipe before molding it, piercing with a fine wire, and careful firing. Traditionally, clay pipes are unglazed. | |||
Clays burn "hot" in comparison to other types of pipes, so they are often difficult for most pipe-smokers to use. Their proponents claim that, unlike other materials, a well-made clay pipe gives a "pure" smoke, with no flavor addition from the pipe bowl. In addition to aficionados, reproductions of historical clay styles are used by some Historical re-enactors. | |||
Clay pipes were once considered disposable items and the large quantities discarded in the past are often used as an aid in dating by industrial archaeologists. | |||
=== Links === | |||
* For additional information see, [[A Short History Of Clay Pipes]], by Heather Coleman | |||
* An excellent article from the Colonial Williamsburg Journal entitled "[http://www.history.org/Foundation/journal/Winter03-04/pipes.cfm Hunting for a Little Ladle]", Tobacco Pipes by Ivor NoÔl Hume | |||
* Further information can be found on Heather Coleman's website: [http://www.dawnmist.org/pipdex.htm Almost everything you could wish to know about Clay Tobacco Pipes] | |||
* A Useful website for identifying Clay Pipemakers' Marks: [https://www.heritage.nf.ca/articles/exploration/pipemarks-introduction.php 17th and 18th Century Marked Clay Tobacco Pipes From Ferryland, NL] | |||
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== Canadian clay pipes == | |||
=== Manufacturers === | |||
* [[Bell]] William and David Bell; 19th century clay pipe factory in Quebec | |||
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== Dutch clay pipes == | |||
=== Manufacturers === | |||
* [[GoedeWaagen]] | |||
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== English clay pipes == | |||
<blockquote>"Pub Pipes", the long stemmed clay pipes, were essentially public pipes used in pubs (public houses) that were given to patrons to use. After a patron used it, the tip (and I dont know how much of the tip this would be) was broken off so the next person could use it. This way, you werent smoking someone elses spittle along with the tobacco. I dont know if this was due to health concern (although I am sure it helped to prevent spread of germs) or just because it may seem gross to put a pipe in your own mouth after having been in someone elses.<ref>Posted by an unknown author on [[Talk:Materials_and_Construction]]. It is unclear if this is just a myth or hard facts though.</ref></blockquote> | |||
=== Manufacturers === | |||
* [[Broseley Clay Tobacco Pipes]] | |||
* [[Heather Coleman]] | |||
* [[LePeltier]] (US) | |||
* [[Pollock Clay Pipes]] | |||
=== Links === | |||
* [http://www.pipearchive.co.uk/pdfs/howto/makers/LIVNP_2012_03_02_OSWALD.pdf Clay pipe makers list] as published by Adrian Oswald in 1975 | |||
* [http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/6882/1/6882_4187.PDF?UkUDh:CyT Tobacco pipes, pipemakers, and tobacconists in Newcastle and Gateshead until c1800: an archaeological study] master thesis by Edwards, Lloyd J | |||
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== Frensh clay pipes == | |||
=== Manufacturers === | |||
* [[Au Narghileh]] Clay pipes by Laville in Montlucon | |||
* [[Alphonse Hippolyte Bonnaud]] Clay pipe maker 1824 until WWII, Marseilles area | |||
* [[Crètal-Gallard]] old clay pipe company in Rennes | |||
* [[Dutel-Giscolon]] 19th Century clay pipes made in Montereau | |||
* [[Gambier|Jean Gambier]] | |||
* [[Gravée]] 19th century clay pipe maker | |||
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== German clay pipes == | |||
=== Manufacturers === | |||
* [[Lothar Hein]] | |||
* [[Jens Steuler]] | |||
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== Hungarian clay pipes == | |||
The Hungarian clay pipe is famous. | |||
[[File:Selmec.jpg|thumb|150px|Selmec Clay, courtesy Geoffrey Mogilner, [http://www.racineandlaramie.com/ Racine & Laramie Tobacconist]]] | |||
The illustration (to the right) is a 19th Cent. example with the seal of the town of [[Selmec]] on the front. The seal represents two salamanders which legend tells us led residences to the gold deposits. Hammer and pick are also represented. These clays represent an entirely different clay pipe tradition from the English clay pipes. These shapes are based on Turkish clay pipes which entered Europe from the East. See [[Selmec]] for additional information on Hungarian clays. | |||
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== Irish clay pipes == | |||
=== Manufacturers === | |||
* [[Peterson]] | |||
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== Polish clay pipes == | |||
=== Manufacturers === | |||
* [[Parol|Marek Parol]] | |||
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== Russian clay pipes == | |||
=== Manufacturers === | |||
* [[Ershov|Vladimir Ershov]] clay pipes in Asia Minor tradition | |||
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== Porcelain pipes == | |||
[[File:Meissen .jpg|thumb|200px|This pipe head in the Rococo style was made by Meissen about 1760. Courtesy [http://www.racineandlaramie.com/ Racine & Laramie Tobacconist]]] | |||
The first type of porcelain produced by Johann Friedrich Böttger was a refined and extremely hard red stoneware known in Germany as Böttgersteinzeug. It retained very crisp definition in its cast and on applied details. The Bottgersteinzeug could be polished to a gloss before firing. Models were derived from Baroque silver shapes and Chinese ceramic examples. Meissen's production of a hard paste white porcelain that could be glazed and painted soon followed, and wares were put on the market in 1713. Multicolour enamelled painting was introduced by Johann Gregorius Höroldt in 1723, with an increasingly broad palette of colors that marked the beginning of the classic phase of Meissen Porcelain. See [[Meissen Porcelain]] for additional information on Porcelain pipes. | |||
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== References == | |||
<references /> | |||
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